双骨瓣成形在乙状窦前入路脑肿瘤切除术中的应用(附14例报告)

目的探讨经岩骨-乙状窦前入路切除岩斜区肿瘤双骨瓣成形的临床效果。方法对14例岩斜区肿瘤采用经岩骨-乙状窦前入路行肿瘤切除双骨瓣成形术,先取颞枕游离骨瓣(乙状窦后),再通过磨钻,游离出乳突表面骨瓣(乙状窦前)。保留骨性半规管、耳蜗的完整性,避免将乳突及岩骨根部大部分切除。结果肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除3例,部分切除3例。术后2例脑脊液耳漏,无皮下积液、颅内感染等并发症,无死亡。14例术后3、6个月随访,无并发症发生。结论经岩骨-乙状窦前入路手术中采用双骨瓣成形术后脑脊液漏、皮下积液、颅内感染等并发症少,手术创伤小,安全性高。     

儿童腔静脉后输尿管的诊断及腹腔镜治疗

目的提高儿童下腔静脉后输尿管的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2002—2006年我院诊治的6例下腔静脉后输尿管患儿的临床资料。6例患儿均行逆行输尿管造影（RU）或多层螺旋CT三维尿路成像（MSCTU）等检查，特征性影像学表现为输尿管呈倒J形或S形；治疗采用微创的腹膜后途径腹腔镜下输尿管矫正复位术，术中将输尿管切断移到下腔静脉前做输尿管端端吻合术。结果6例患儿均术前确诊。术后3～6个月复查症状消失，B超和IVU示肾积水有不同程度减轻。微创的腹膜后途径腹腔镜下输尿管矫正复位术同传统开放手术相比并不增加手术并发症。结论IVU和RU是诊断下腔静脉后输尿管的首选方法；MSCTU是诊断下腔静脉后输尿管最佳的无创性检查方法。输尿管切断复位矫正术是治疗此病较好的手术方法，而腹腔镜治疗腔静脉后输尿管创伤小、美观、恢复快，效果满意，是腔静脉后输尿管有效的微创治疗新手段。     

The midvastus approach for total knee arthroplasty

Objective  Approach to the knee for total knee arthroplasty with the goal to avoid tendency to lateralization and extension lag. Indications  Implantation of total knee components. Revision surgery after total knee arthroplasty. Contraindications  Morbid obesity. For revision surgery: preoperative knee flexion of <60°. Surgical Technique  Anterior midline incision, blunt separation of the distal part of the obliquely running fibers of the vastus medialis over an extent of at least 5 cm. The muscle incision ends at the proximal and medial corner of the patella and is continued distally along the medial patellar border ending at the tibial tuberosity. After opening of the joint, the patella is dislocated laterally thus exposing the articular surfaces. After insertion of the components, superficial adaptation of the muscle fibers and wound closure in layers. Results  Of 297 total knee implants 276 knees (92.9%) could be followed up for an average of 36.2 (19–56) months. 153 knees were in women and 123 in men with an average age of 66.3 (33–81) years. In none of the operations a lateral release became necessary. The results were based on the score of the American Knee Society. The score showed 52.3 points preoperatively and 90.6 at follow-up. 95% of the patients had an excellent or good functional result. Tangential radiographs of the patella with the knee in 30° of flexion showed in 91% a central position in the patellar groove.     

翼点入路经终板切除鞍区肿瘤的显微外科技术

目的 探索利用终板切开更好地显露肿瘤,争取对颅咽管瘤和巨大垂体瘤、胚胎瘤、脑膜瘤实施全切手术。方法 自1994年至1998年所施行的347例鞍区肿瘤中,有44例需切开终板行肿瘤切除。视交叉前置和侵及三脑室前部的肿瘤是施行终板切开的适应证,此种情况可在术前MR片上获取有益信息。终板切开前,仔细地解剖侧裂池、颈动脉池、视交叉池,分离切断蛛网膜连结是暴露终板的前提条件。沿同侧视束切开终板、注意辨识和保护视交叉及对侧视束是防止术后视力下降、视野缺失的关键。肿瘤的囊内分块切除,联合间隙1、间隙2,牵引剥离肿瘤是既能全切肿瘤,又能防止术后下丘脑、丘脑受损的有效方法。结果终板切开结合间隙1、间隙2切除鞍区肿瘤,全切率达84％(37/44),其中颅咽管瘤全切率为94％(29/31),垂体瘤为89％(8/9)。术后死亡率为14.6％,死因多为癫痫大发作或持续癫痫。结论 终板附近有下丘脑等重要神经结构,此区手术如方法得当不会损伤上述重要结构,并能达到全切肿瘤的目的。     

Extrapleurale Zugangswege bei der Versorgung der Bronchusstumpfmsuffizienz nach Pneumonektomie

Zusammenfassung Die Bronchusstumpfinsuffizienz stellt auch heute noch eine lebensbedrohliche Komplikation der Lungenresektion dar. Die Versorgung von Stumpfinsuffizienzen über einen extrapleuralen Zugang führt offenbar zu einer richtunggebenden Verbesserung der Ergebnisse. Zu unterscheiden sind transperikardiale Techniken und die kontralaterale Thoracotomie mit transpleuralem oder extrapleuralem Zugang. Eigene Erfahrungen, die sich auf die Behandlung von vier rechtsseitigen und einer linksseitigen Bronchusstumpfinsuffizienz beziehen, werden dargestellt und der Versuch unternommen, bisherige Behandlungsergebnisse zu bewerten.

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Extrapleural accesses in treating bronchus stump insufficiency after pneumonectomy

Summary Insufficiency of the bronchial stump is still a dreaded complication. The treatment with the use of extrapleural accesses led to a significant improvement of the therapeutical results. We have to distinguish between transpericardial techniques and the contralateral thoracotomy with transpleural or extrapleural access. If the pleural cavity is still sterile, immediate or four week postoperative insufficiency may be treated using rethoracotomy with resuturing the stump. Coverage of the stump with pedicled muscle tissue provides a rather good method for a secondary treatment of the bronchial stump. When the pleural cavity is already infected, extrapleural treatment of the bronchial stump should be undertaken immediately. In addition, all late insufficiencies are treated extrapleurally. If only a very small opening of a fistula is found, an endoscopical closure of the fistula should be attempted using acryl glue or fibrin glue. Our own therapeutic results concerning four right hand and one left hand stump insufficiency after pneumonectomy are presented in this study and we have classified the up to now published therapeutical results.

     

模糊物元模型评价几种促透剂的促透效果

目的:探讨模糊物元模型在促透剂促透效果综合评价中的运用.方法:研究氮酮、薄荷醇、樟脑、油酸、丁香油、荆芥油、藿香油促透剂对模型药物扑热息痛在离体兔背部皮肤上的透皮行为,计算渗透系数、稳态流量、滞后时间、增渗倍数,运用基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对促透效果进行综合评价.结果:2%丁香和2%樟脑对扑热息痛的促透效果最好,1%氮酮、2%荆芥、2%薄荷醇、2%油酸次之,2%广藿香最差.结论:基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型可客观地、公正地评价促透剂的促透效果.     

The use of Palma''s procedure in the salvage therapy for a leiomyosarcoma of the right pelvic sidewall: an intraoperative multidisciplinary approach

Leiomyosarcomas of the ovary and broad ligament are relatively rare. Less than 50 cases of primary ovarian and broad ligament leiomyosarcomas have been reported. The prognosis is poor, with late-stage disease being a problem in the majority of cases. It is difficult to determine the exact role of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in the management of these tumors. So far, no cases of ovarian or broad ligament leiomyosarcomas have been reported where primary surgery for the sarcoma had to be combined with a Palma's procedure. We report a case of a right pelvic sidewall leiomyosarcoma with involvement of 10 cm of the right external iliac vein. A review of the imaging preoperatively did not suggest involvement of the venous system. Resection of the pelvic mass was carried out and a Palma's procedure was performed by the vascular surgeon. Histology reported an incompletely excised high-grade leiomyosarcoma. Chemotherapy was given postoperatively. Imaging at 12 months after surgery showed a patent vascular graft and no evidence of recurrence. There was no clinical evidence of recurrence at 21 months postsurgery.     

Craniofacial resection for anterior skull base tumours

Summary This study presents a series of 10 patients with anterior skull base tumours, treated by a team of neurosurgeons and head- and neck surgeons. The series included 7 malignant tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses and 1 retinoblastoma, all with intracranial extension through the lamina cribrosa. There were also 2 patients with an anterior base meningioma, growing into the ethmoid sinus and the nasal cavity.8 tumours were resected by a combined bifrontal craniotomy and uni- or bilateral rhinotomy. In 2 cases a bifrontal craniotomy alone without facial incision sufficed. The skull base was closed with a pediculated pericranial flap and a split-thickness free skin graft underneath.There were no postoperative problems of wound infection, CSF-leakage or meningitis. Recurrent tumour growth or systemic metastasis occurred in 5 out of 7 patients with malignant tumours, 6 months to 2 years postoperatively.The related literature and especially questions of operative indications and technique, including different possibilities of closure and reconstruction of the skull base, are discussed.     

Correction of pterygium colli deformity in Ullrich-Noonan syndrome

A case of Ullrich-Noonan syndrome with the typical marked webbed neck deformity is presented. The posterior approach is preferred for the correction of the webbed neck deformity. Bilaterally localized excess skin and the underlying fibrotic bands were excised in an elliptical shape. The webbed neck was corrected by a large classical z-plasty. After the transposition of z-plasty flaps, the final appearance of the neck was cosmetically satisfactory.     

Unusual approaches for insertion of the greenfield vena cava filter: the value of its approach through the jugulosubclavian junction

During the last four years, we have attempted 249 insertions of the Greenfield inferior vena cava filter using the right internal jugular vein. This approach was impossible in 31 patients (12.5%). Our first alternative was the insertion of the filter through the venous junction between the right internal jugular and right subclavian veins. If this latter technique was not possible we attempted the insertion of the Greenfield filter through the left internal jugular vein before using the retrograde femoral route which is associated with high morbidity. By these techniques we have been able to reduce the number of patients in whom it is impossible to achieve mechanical endocaval partial interruption to 2.4%.